PraktikumOthello/board.h

#pragma once

#include <cassert>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstdlib>

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h>

typedef unsigned int idx_t;

/*
 * Potential values for the pieces on the board.
 */
enum FieldType
{
	EMPTY,
	PLAYER_1,
	PLAYER_2,
	OUT_OF_BOUNDS
};


/* 
 * direction flags are used by the algorithms below to validate
 * and perform moves.
 */
enum direction {
	LEFT,
	RIGHT,
	UP,
	DOWN,
	UP_LEFT,
	UP_RIGHT,
	DOWN_LEFT,
	DOWN_RIGHT
};


class OthelloBoard
{
	protected:
		idx_t _rows; // no. of rows
		idx_t _cols; // no. of columns

		bool _last_player_skipped; // remember if last player skipped
		bool _both_skipped; // termination condition

		FieldType *_field; // array storing the types of stones set on the board

		FieldType _player; // whose turn is it?


		/* make object non-assignable */
		OthelloBoard& operator=(OthelloBoard&)
		{ return *this; }


	private:
		/*
		 * Depending on a given direction, we need to setup up to four
		 * variables in different types of algorithms. This convenience
		 * function does so.
		 */
		void setup_directions(unsigned &row_idx, unsigned &col_idx,
		                      int &inc_row, int &inc_col, direction const dir) const;


		/*
		 * Check if a position is reachable from a given direction.
		 *
		 * Reachability means, that from the target position given by
		 * (row, col) there are only non-empty stones of type != _player until
		 * we find a stone of type _player.
		 */
		bool position_reachable(unsigned row, unsigned col,
		                        direction const dir) const;

		/*
		 * Really make a move
		 */
		void make_move(unsigned row, unsigned col,
		               direction dir);


		/*
		 * Validate correctness of a move.
		 *
		 * \param row, col coordinates to move to
		 *
		 * \return true if move is valid
		 */
		bool validate(unsigned row, unsigned col, bool silent=false) const;

	public:

		/*
		 * Get the number of rows.
		 */
		unsigned rows() const { return _rows; }

		/*
		 * Get the number of columns
		 */
		unsigned columns() const { return _cols; }


		/*
		 * Construct a default OthelloBoard
		 */
		OthelloBoard(unsigned r = 8,
		             unsigned c = 8)
			: _rows(r),
			  _cols(c),
			  _last_player_skipped(false),
			  _both_skipped(false),
			  _field(0),
			  _player(PLAYER_1)
		{
			_field = new FieldType[rows()*columns()];
			for (unsigned idx = 0; idx < rows() * columns(); ++idx)
				_field[idx] = EMPTY;

			set(rows()/2,   columns()/2,   PLAYER_1);
			set(rows()/2+1, columns()/2+1, PLAYER_1);

			set(rows()/2,   columns()/2 + 1, PLAYER_2);
			set(rows()/2+1, columns()/2,     PLAYER_2);
		}


		/*
		 * Copy constructor.
		 *
		 * XXX: If you plan to use it, go and implement it!
		 */
		OthelloBoard(const OthelloBoard& copy);


		/* Destructor */
		virtual ~OthelloBoard() { delete [] _field; }


		/* Get current player type */
		FieldType player() const { return _player; }

		/* Set current player */
		void player(int no) {
			switch(no) {
				case 0: _player = PLAYER_1; break;
				case 1: _player = PLAYER_2; break;
				default: assert(false); break;
			}
		}


		/*
		 * Dump the current board state to a file
		 */
		bool dump_to_fd(int fd, bool fancy = false) const
		{
			FILE *file = fdopen(dup(fd), "w");
			if (!file) return false;

			// print head line
			if (fancy)
				::fprintf(file, " %c ", type_to_str(_player));
			else
				::fprintf(file, "%c", type_to_str(_player));

			if (fancy) {
				for (unsigned c = 0; c < columns(); ++c)
					::fprintf(file, "%d ", c+1);
				::fprintf(file,"\n");
			}   

			for (unsigned r = 0; r < rows(); ++r) {
				if (fancy) ::fprintf(file, "%2d ", r+1);
				for (unsigned c = 0; c < columns(); ++c) {
					if (fancy)
						::fprintf(file, "%s ", type_to_str_fancy(get(r+1, c+1)));
					else {
						::fprintf(file, "%c", type_to_str(get(r+1,c+1)));
					}   
				}   
				if (fancy) ::fprintf(file,"\n");
			}   

			fclose(file);

			return true;
		}

		/* Special case: dump to stdout */
		bool dump_to_stdio() const { return dump_to_fd(STDOUT_FILENO, true); }

		/*
		 * Get element at location.
		 *
		 * Location coordinates are
		 *      row with 0 < row <= rows()
		 *      col with 0 < col <= columns()
		 *
		 * Otherwise, returns OUT_OF_BOUNDS field type.
		 */
		FieldType get(unsigned row, unsigned col) const
		{
			if ((row <= 0) ||
				(col <= 0) ||
				(row > rows()) ||
				(col > columns()))
				return OUT_OF_BOUNDS;

			return _field[(row-1)*columns() + col - 1];
		}


		/*
		 * Set element at certain location.
		 *
		 * Location coordinates are
		 *      row with 0 < row <= rows()
		 *      col with 0 < col <= columns()
		 */
		void set(unsigned row, unsigned col, FieldType type)
		{
			assert(row > 0);
			assert(row <= rows());
			assert(col > 0);
			assert(col <= columns());

			_field[(row-1)*columns() + col - 1] = type;
		}


		/*
		 * Perform a move.
		 *
		 * First, validates the move. Then performs all necessary
		 * field type conversions.
		 */
		bool move(unsigned row, unsigned col);


		/*
		 * Count the number of fields that contain a stone
		 * of the given type.
		 */
		unsigned count_of_type(FieldType t) const
		{
			unsigned res = 0;
			for (unsigned i = 0; i < rows() * columns(); ++i)
				if (_field[i] == t) res += 1;

			return res;
		}


		void skipped()
		{
			if (_last_player_skipped)
				_both_skipped = true;
			else
				_last_player_skipped = true;
		}


		/*
		 * Determine whether the game is done.
		 */
		bool finished() const
		{
			unsigned c1 = count_of_type(PLAYER_1);
			unsigned c2 = count_of_type(PLAYER_2);

			return ( _both_skipped ||
					 (c1 == 0) ||
			         (c2 == 0) ||
			         (c1 + c2 >= 64)
			);
		}


		/*
		 * Transform field type into fancy print version (for stdio).
		 */
		char const *type_to_str_fancy(FieldType t) const
		{
			switch (t) {
				case EMPTY:    return "\033[34;1m.\033[0m";
				case PLAYER_1: return "\033[31mO\033[0m";
				case PLAYER_2: return "\033[33mX\033[0m";
				case OUT_OF_BOUNDS: return "/";
				default: __builtin_unreachable();
			}
		}


		/*
		 * Transform field type into print version.
		 */
		char type_to_str(FieldType t) const
		{
			switch (t) {
				case EMPTY:    return '.';
				case PLAYER_1: return 'O';
				case PLAYER_2: return 'X';
				case OUT_OF_BOUNDS: return '/';
				default: __builtin_unreachable();
			}
		}


		/*
		 * Check, whether the given player can make any move at the moment.
		 */
		bool can_move() const
		{
			for (unsigned r = 1; r <= rows(); ++r)
				for (unsigned c = 1; c <= columns(); ++c)
					if (validate(r, c, true))
						return true;

			return false;
		}


		/*
		 * Invalidate all stones belonging to a player.
		 *
		 * The engine uses this as a penalty for making more than 3
		 * illegal moves in a row.
		 */
		void invalidate_stones(FieldType t)
		{
			for (unsigned idx = 0; idx < rows() * columns(); ++idx)
				if (_field[idx] == t)
					_field[idx] = EMPTY;
		}
};

struct OthelloMove
{
	idx_t row;
	idx_t col;

	OthelloMove(idx_t r=0, idx_t c=0)
		: row(r), col(c)
	{ }
};


/***************************************
 * MCP adaptor definitions & functions *
 ***************************************/

typedef OthelloBoard game_state;
typedef OthelloMove game_move;

/**
 * Game state is serialized into a human-readable string.
 */
bool serialize_state(int fd, const game_state *state);

/**
 * Game state is parsed from a string written by serialize_state.
 */
bool deserialize_state(int fd, game_state *state);


bool serialize_move  (int fd, const game_move *move);
bool deserialize_move(int fd, game_move *move);

/**
 * Generate the initial board.
 */
void initialize_state(game_state *state, char const *init);

/**
 * Returns true, if this is a final game state.
 */
bool is_final_state(game_state const *state);

/**
 * Tries to apply a move to the given state. Returns false, if the
 * move was invalid.
 */
bool apply_move(game_state       *state,
                const game_move  *move);